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中国広西のチュアン（壮）族・ヤオ（瑤）族と漢族との政治＝文化的関係の比較考察 : 1368∼1949年における Comparative Study on Political and Cultural Relationships between the Zhuang, the Yao and the Han Chinese : 1368∼1949 Tsukada, Shigeyuki 塚田, 誠之 ツカダ, シゲユキ The Zhuang and Yao have been two major groups among minorities in Guangxi Province for a long period. However, there is a marked difference in their relationships with the Han people: The Zhuang have been strongly influenced by the Han, whereas the Yao have been relatively little influenced, and have retained much of their traditional culture. Here the differences in political, economic and cultural relationships between the Zhuang, Yao and the Han people are surveyed. I propose to distinguish four types of the Zhuang and Yao, in terms of ethnic group, language (dialect) and ecosystem: (1) Zhuang; (2) plain-dwelling Yao; (3) mountain-dwelling Yao, settled in one place; and (4) mountain-dwelling Yao, very often shifting over mountains. I also distinguish three social classes of the Han: (1) ruling class; (2) landlord; and (3) merchants and farmers who migrated from other provinces to Guanxi. By using jointly records of research and the Chinese source materials, I reached the following conclusions: (1) On the relationship with the Chinese ruling class, the Zhuang and the plain-dwelling Yao, like other registered people of Han, were forcibly entered into the official register, and made to pay land-taxes, especially after the middle Qing, associated conditions enabled some of them to rise into the ruling class. In contrast, the mountain-dwelling Yao of two types were, as a whole, treated generously by the ruling class, although the influence of the Han slowly increased after the middle Qing; (2) On the relationship with the Chinese landlords, the Zhuang and the plain-dwelling Yao tended to become tenants of Chinese landlords. This tendency was strengthened after the middle Qing, and accompanied by the appearance of class polarization among them—some rose to the landlord class. On the other hand, the mountain-dwelling Yao were generally independent of Chinese landlords and class polarization hardly occured among them, except that a few became tenants of Chinese landlords; (3) On the relationship with immigrants, the Zhuang and the plain-dwelling Yao were under the economic-control of merchants or landlords who had migrated from other provinces after the middle Qing, whereas the mountain-dwelling Yao were not under similar control; (4) On intermarriage with the Han and transmission of Han Chinese culture, there was a tendency that the Zhuang and the plain-dwelling Yao intermarried with the Han Chinese, and accepted much of Han Chinese culture. However, the Zhuang retained their own language and the plain-dwelling Yao retained some folk stories about their ancestors. In contrast, the mountain-dwelling Yao fundamentally did not intermarry with the Chinese, except where a Chinese man married into a Yao woman's family. On the whole, they also maintained much of their traditional culture, although accepting some elements of Chinese culture. 国立民族学博物館 National Museum of Ethnology 1989-10-25 2010-02-16 jpn departmental bulletin paper VoR https://doi.org/10.15021/00004302 http://hdl.handle.net/10502/2993 https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/4310 10.15021/00004302 AN00091943 0385-180X 国立民族学博物館研究報告 Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology 14 2 453 507 https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4310/files/KH_014_2_003.pdf application/pdf 4.5 MB 2015-11-19