オーストリア農村における「家の墓」と女性のサービス

森 明子

オーストリア農村における「家の墓」と女性のサービス利用統計を見る

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JaLC DOI	info:doi/10.15021/00004265
タイトル(英)	Woman's Services in the Continuity of the Household grave: A Case Study from a Parish in South east Carinthia
アイテムタイプ	紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper
言語	日本語
キーワード	オーストリア, 墓, 生活共同集団, 女性, サービス, 近代化
キーワード(英)	Austria, grave, household, woman, service, modernization
著者	森明子 / モリアキコ ( CiNii ID: 1000000202359 , 科研費研究者番号: 00202359 )
著者(英)	Akiko Mori ( CiNii ID: 1000000202359 , 科研費研究者番号: 00202359 )
抄録	Austrian households maintain their graves across generations. This paper tries to describe and analyze the continuity and transformation of Austrian household-graves, emphasizing the social relationship of household members involved. It will be shown that woman's services are indispensable in the maintenance of the continuity of the "household-grave" (der Grab des Hauses). My fieldwork was carried out in south-east Carinthia in Austria (identified as N parish) in 1986-7 and 1988-9 for 15 months. Austrian households may own more than one grave. However, household members give a special recognition to one of their graves as their "household-grave", to which they have a particular sense of belonging. The distinction between heirs and non-heirs used to be crucial in this context. In Austrian households, heirs were allowed traditional marriages and inherited household-graves from their parents. The non-heirs were excluded from marriages and could not form their own households. They were buried in the graves of their natal household over which they did not have any control. This distinction between heirs and non-heirs has blurred since the 1960's, as a result of increased opportunities of wage labor outside of N parish. The non-heirs began to found their own households and household-graves through their incomes from wage labor. This process is reflected in the social relations underlying the scenery of the churchyard. First, the number of household-graves among graves in the churchyard increased rapidly since the 1960's. Second, the social relations inscribed on epitaphs have transformed. Most names carved on gravestones used to be the name of the heir only, or the heir and his/her spouse. However, the epitapfs constructed after the 1960's carry the names of an increased number of people, who are related through parent-child rlationship. However, women's roles in maintaing graves remain crucial despite these changes. It is a woman's daily practice that distinguish graves of her household from those of other households. Graves can remain within a household only when a housewife takes care of them regularly. It is within her decision-making whether she keeps a certain grave within her household or gives it away to other households, if the grave is not the household-grave. She keeps daily services to her gaves, because she has looked after dying household members to their last moment, and has given them a funeral. At the same time, she remains the core of a diffusing solidarity of her family, since she provides occasional hospitality to her own children who have already married out, particulary on All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day. Thus, it is possible to say women's roles underlie the continuity of the household-grave across generations. While the distinction between heirs and non-heirs in the continuity of household-graves has blurred through the introduction of wage labor, women's role as a key figure in maintaining household-graves remains intact.
雑誌名	国立民族学博物館研究報告
雑誌名(英)	Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology
巻	16
号	2
ページ	223 - 260
発行年	1991-12-28
ISSN	0385-180X
書誌レコードID	AN00091943
著者版フラグ	publisher
出版者	国立民族学博物館
出版者（英）	National Museum of Ethnology

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オーストリア農村における「家の墓」と女性のサービス利用統計を見る

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オーストリア農村における「家の墓」と女性のサービス 利用統計を見る

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オーストリア農村における「家の墓」と女性のサービス利用統計を見る