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Labor\nexchange is defined here as the exchange of labor in which\nassistance has to be more or less precisely reciprocated by that of\nthe same kind and quantity in a short time period, e.g., one day\nof plowing assistance for one day of plowing assistance during a\ncultivation season.\nLabor exchange in peasant agriculture is usually organized\nby individual households to achieve an optimal mobilization of\nlabor for certain agricultural operations. This mobilization\nresults both in minimizing the costs (drudgery and wages) of\npeasant production and in maximizing the exploitation of household\nlabor. Except in a few cases, any symbolic expression of\nparticular socio-cultural messages between the host and the\nhelper is of secondary importance. Labor exchange is thus a\nkind of economic exchange in a neoclassical sense. However,\nsince the rate of exchange is institutionally fixed at one for the\nprecise reciprocity, it is of course not governed by market\nmechanisms. In other words, although exchange labor is a\nscarce resource, particularly during the times of peak demand\nfor labor in peasant agricultural production, the difference\nbetween demand and supply of exchange labor is not mediated\nwith varying rates of exchange. As a consequence, the following\ntwo questions must be examined to understand labor exchange\nbehavior. The first is how the difference between demand\nand supply of exchange labor is mediated at the individual\nhousehold level. The second is how the flow of exchange labor\nis determined in a locality. However, few studies in anthro-\npology and mainstream economics have examined these questions,\nbecause their models and concepts have not been developed to\nanalyze reciprocal economic behavior, such as the labor exchange\ndiscussed here. It is in this context that labor exchange in\nSinhalese agrarian settlements is examined in this article.\nI attempt to analyze labor exchange behavior as a maximization\n(or economization) process in peasant agricultural\nproduction within the wider political-economic setting of Sri\nLanka. The empirical focus is on the decision making process\nregarding labor exchange and complementary labor mobilization,\nin order to understand the causes and consequences of the choices\nthat the peasant households make to meet the demand for labor\nmobilization. For this purpose, the natural decision making\napproach is employed here, together with ethnographic observation.\nThe bulk of empirical analyses on various phases of\nlabor exchange shows that at the individual household level\nthe difference between demand and supply of exchange labor\nis largely mediated through exploration for exchange labor,\nin which each household forms a relatively fixed network of\nlabor exchange and (often competitively) organizes it within\nthe network. It further shows that the relative degree of\ntolerance of imbalance in labor exchange affects both the mediation\nbetween demand and supply of exchange labor at the\nindividual household level and the flow of exchange labor in\nthe locality. Based on the above analyses and findings, this\narticle finally argues that labor exchange, rooted in history and\ncustom as a pre-capitalist mode of labor organization, cannot\nbe regarded simply as a cultural lag or hangover from a precapitalist\neconomy; labor exchange is rather an adaptive response\nmade by peasant households to their current ecological, economic\nand social conditions. This further suggests that the model\npresented here, although an empirical model of labor exchange\nin Sinhalese peasant agriculture, will guide research endeavor\non various kinds of reciprocal economic exchange yet to be\nexamined.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_9_identifier_registration": {"attribute_name": "ID登録", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_identifier_reg_text": "10.15021/00004317", "subitem_identifier_reg_type": "JaLC"}]}, "item_9_publisher_33": {"attribute_name": "出版者", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "国立民族学博物館"}]}, "item_9_publisher_34": {"attribute_name": "出版者(英)", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "National Museum of Ethnology"}]}, "item_9_source_id_10": {"attribute_name": "書誌レコードID", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "AN00091943", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "NCID"}]}, "item_9_source_id_8": {"attribute_name": "ISSN", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "0385-180X", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "ISSN"}]}, "item_9_version_type_16": {"attribute_name": "著者版フラグ", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_version_resource": "http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85", "subitem_version_type": "VoR"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "著者", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "足立, 明"}, {"creatorName": "アダチ, アキラ", "creatorNameLang": "ja-Kana"}, {"creatorName": "Adachi, Akira", "creatorNameLang": "en"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "11331", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "ファイル情報", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2015-11-19"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "KH013_3_002.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "4.4 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 4400000.0, "url": {"label": "KH013_3_002.pdf", "url": "https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4325/files/KH013_3_002.pdf"}, "version_id": "6a1fddd4-7819-4c1f-8d2d-b4d7925d9466"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "言語", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "jpn"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "資源タイプ", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "departmental bulletin paper", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_title": "シンハラ農村の労働交換体系", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "タイトル", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "シンハラ農村の労働交換体系"}, {"subitem_title": "Labor Exchange System in Sinhalese Agrarian Settlements", "subitem_title_language": "en"}]}, "item_type_id": "9", "owner": "17", "path": ["452"], "permalink_uri": "https://doi.org/10.15021/00004317", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "公開日", "attribute_value": "2010-02-16"}, "publish_date": "2010-02-16", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "4325", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["シンハラ農村の労働交換体系"], "weko_shared_id": -1}
シンハラ農村の労働交換体系
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004317
https://doi.org/10.15021/0000431737094484-cacd-4899-8d65-cad5e53178d3
名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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KH013_3_002.pdf (4.4 MB)
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Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||
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公開日 | 2010-02-16 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
タイトル | シンハラ農村の労働交換体系 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
タイトル | Labor Exchange System in Sinhalese Agrarian Settlements | |||||
言語 | ||||||
言語 | jpn | |||||
資源タイプ | ||||||
資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
ID登録 | ||||||
ID登録 | 10.15021/00004317 | |||||
ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||
著者 |
足立, 明
× 足立, 明 |
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抄録 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | This article analyzes reciprocal labor exchange in Sinhalese agrarian settlements in Matale District of Sri Lanka. Labor exchange is defined here as the exchange of labor in which assistance has to be more or less precisely reciprocated by that of the same kind and quantity in a short time period, e.g., one day of plowing assistance for one day of plowing assistance during a cultivation season. Labor exchange in peasant agriculture is usually organized by individual households to achieve an optimal mobilization of labor for certain agricultural operations. This mobilization results both in minimizing the costs (drudgery and wages) of peasant production and in maximizing the exploitation of household labor. Except in a few cases, any symbolic expression of particular socio-cultural messages between the host and the helper is of secondary importance. Labor exchange is thus a kind of economic exchange in a neoclassical sense. However, since the rate of exchange is institutionally fixed at one for the precise reciprocity, it is of course not governed by market mechanisms. In other words, although exchange labor is a scarce resource, particularly during the times of peak demand for labor in peasant agricultural production, the difference between demand and supply of exchange labor is not mediated with varying rates of exchange. As a consequence, the following two questions must be examined to understand labor exchange behavior. The first is how the difference between demand and supply of exchange labor is mediated at the individual household level. The second is how the flow of exchange labor is determined in a locality. However, few studies in anthro- pology and mainstream economics have examined these questions, because their models and concepts have not been developed to analyze reciprocal economic behavior, such as the labor exchange discussed here. It is in this context that labor exchange in Sinhalese agrarian settlements is examined in this article. I attempt to analyze labor exchange behavior as a maximization (or economization) process in peasant agricultural production within the wider political-economic setting of Sri Lanka. The empirical focus is on the decision making process regarding labor exchange and complementary labor mobilization, in order to understand the causes and consequences of the choices that the peasant households make to meet the demand for labor mobilization. For this purpose, the natural decision making approach is employed here, together with ethnographic observation. The bulk of empirical analyses on various phases of labor exchange shows that at the individual household level the difference between demand and supply of exchange labor is largely mediated through exploration for exchange labor, in which each household forms a relatively fixed network of labor exchange and (often competitively) organizes it within the network. It further shows that the relative degree of tolerance of imbalance in labor exchange affects both the mediation between demand and supply of exchange labor at the individual household level and the flow of exchange labor in the locality. Based on the above analyses and findings, this article finally argues that labor exchange, rooted in history and custom as a pre-capitalist mode of labor organization, cannot be regarded simply as a cultural lag or hangover from a precapitalist economy; labor exchange is rather an adaptive response made by peasant households to their current ecological, economic and social conditions. This further suggests that the model presented here, although an empirical model of labor exchange in Sinhalese peasant agriculture, will guide research endeavor on various kinds of reciprocal economic exchange yet to be examined. |
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書誌情報 |
国立民族学博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology 巻 13, 号 3, p. 517-581, 発行日 1989-01-27 |
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ISSN | ||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||
収録物識別子 | 0385-180X | |||||
書誌レコードID | ||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||
収録物識別子 | AN00091943 | |||||
著者版フラグ | ||||||
出版タイプ | VoR | |||||
出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||
出版者 | ||||||
出版者 | 国立民族学博物館 | |||||
出版者(英) | ||||||
出版者 | National Museum of Ethnology |