WEKO3
アイテム
{"_buckets": {"deposit": "2ca5723a-cf23-455e-a981-021afca3b0bc"}, "_deposit": {"created_by": 17, "id": "4305", "owners": [17], "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "4305"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004305", "sets": ["448"]}, "author_link": ["61"], "item_9_biblio_info_7": {"attribute_name": "書誌情報", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"bibliographicIssueDates": {"bibliographicIssueDate": "1990-02-28", "bibliographicIssueDateType": "Issued"}, "bibliographicIssueNumber": "3", "bibliographicPageEnd": "670", "bibliographicPageStart": "519", "bibliographicVolumeNumber": "14", "bibliographic_titles": [{"bibliographic_title": "国立民族学博物館研究報告"}, {"bibliographic_title": "Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology", "bibliographic_titleLang": "en"}]}]}, "item_9_description_4": {"attribute_name": "抄録", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "Numeral systems of Middle American Indian languages\nshow an enormous variety of ways of forming number words.\nBut fundamental methods of counting are quinary, decimal and\nvigesimal. There may, however, exist no language having a pure\nvigesimal system, which would require nineteen different numerals.\nSo-called vigesimal systems generally have a decimal under\ntwenty, and very few languages possess only one system throughout.\nTherefore, terms such as quinary and decimal should be\nused under twenty and that of vigesimal over twenty. That\nis, I discuss separately numeral systems below ten, from ten to\ntwenty, and above twenty. In this paper I limit myself to an\nanalysis of structural features, although I am interested in\ncomparing each vocabulary.\nAs a rule, numeral words are formed from combinations of\nD and U, such as D x U+D, U x D+D, D+D x U, D+U x D.\nIn this expression, the symbols U and D denote the numerals\ncorresponding to the unit- or base-word and the digit or minor\nnumbers, respectively. For example, the number 33 is written\nas 3 x 10+3, of which 3 is D and 10 is U.\nUnder 10, we have two systems, quinary and decimal.\nQuinary systems are observed in Southern Uto-Aztecan,\nTarascan, Northern Otomanguean, Mixe-Zoquean, Sumu and\nCabecar-Chiripo (Fig. 2). But subtraction occurs in the case of\nnine, and multiplicative or duplicative method in numbers 4\nand 8 in northern part of Middle America. Mixe-Zoquean show\na quinary system, but the formation from 7 to 9 seems irregular,\nexcept in Tlahuitoltepec and Classical Mixe. Misquito has\nalso rare system based on 6, for the numbers from 6 to 9.\nFrom 10 to 20, additive constructions with a base of 10 are\ncommon, but both orders of D+U and U+D are attested. The\nformer is seen in Mayan, and the latter in other languages. But\nHuastec, a Mayan language, has U+D order. This must have\nbeen obtained from neighboring languages, such as Totonacan or\nOtomian. The difference in formation of the number words\n11 and 12 divides the Mayan into Lowlands and Highlands.\nNumeral systems of the Southern Otomanguean are purely\ndecimal below 10, but follow the quinary method from 10 to 20\nand counting by twenties from 20 to 100. But Northern\nOtomanguean possess some trace of the quinary method under\n10. The Tlapanec number sequence from 11 through 19\nfollows the Southern Otomanguean pattern, although the\ngenetically related language, Subtiaba shows decimal under 20.\nTherefore, the quinary system mixed with decimal in Tlapanec\nmight have been borrowed from neighboring languages (Fig. 3).\nThorough decimal systems are found in Seri, Northern Uto-\nAztecan languages, and some Chibchan languages. Other\nlanguages show vigesimal systems, of which additive constructions\nwith a preceeding unit (undercounting) are common, and\nadditive constructions with a succeeding unit (overcounting) are\nconfined to Lowland Mayan (including some Highland Mayan)\nand Yatzachi Zapotec (Fig. 4). Classical Zapotec uses a\nsubtractive method for the five numbers below the next unit.\nFrom 20 up, Mayan languages show an interesting formation.\nUndercounting and overcounting are distinguished geographically\n(Fig. 6). Unit words for twenties, such as *k\u0027a l, *winaq,\n*tah- or *may are used differently (Figs. 7-11). Although the\nvigesimal system is predominant throughout Middle America,\nthe center is Mesoamerica and the system of the southern\nlanguages beyond Mesoamerica is different, that is, the coefficients\nfollow the units (U x D).\nAs shown above in the case of Huastec, borrowings are among\nthe best witnesses to past contacts and relationships between or\namong various languages. Many languages have borrowed the\nword for 100 from Spanish, but conserve their own words in the\ncoefficients, just like xun-sye:nta (1ˑ100) in Tzutujil. Even the\nword for 100 is formed from 5 x 20 in some languages, according\nto its system, and interval numbers between the hundreds are\nconserved (Fig. 12). That is, only a counting method by\nhundreds is borrowed. This indicates that only the formation\nprinciple can be borrowed, although borrowing is generally\nexpected in lexical items.\nFrom 20 up, the modern Cakchiquel numeral sequence\nfollows undercounting, whereas Classical Cakchiquel conserved\nan overcounting system. Many languages of highland Maya\nhave a special word, mue\u0027 or mue for 80. This is utilized from\n80 to 99 in Modern Cakchiquel, but Classical Cakchiquel used it\nfor the numbers from 61 to 80, as indicated below;\nModern Cakchiquel \n60 os-k\u0027 al \n61 os-k\u0027 al xun \n80 xu-mue \n90 xu-muc\u0027 laxux\nClassical Cakchiquel\n os-k\u0027 al\n xun ru-xu-muc\u0027\n xu-mue\nThis is another excellent example of borrowing of the principle\nof formation of words. In other words, only media, but not\ncontents, are borrowed. That is, structural or formal borrowing\ndoes occur.\nThe diversity and uniformity of the numeral systems are\nshown plainly in the accompanying maps. On the one hand,\ndiversity is attributed to different methods, such as decimalvigesimal,\nquinary-vigesimal, decimal-quinary-vigesimal, and\nthorough decimal. On the other, similar counting methods\nextended beyond language boundaries are the result of borrowing,\nas mentioned above.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_9_identifier_registration": {"attribute_name": "ID登録", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_identifier_reg_text": "10.15021/00004297", "subitem_identifier_reg_type": "JaLC"}]}, "item_9_publisher_33": {"attribute_name": "出版者", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "国立民族学博物館"}]}, "item_9_publisher_34": {"attribute_name": "出版者(英)", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "National Museum of Ethnology"}]}, "item_9_source_id_10": {"attribute_name": "書誌レコードID", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "AN00091943", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "NCID"}]}, "item_9_source_id_8": {"attribute_name": "ISSN", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "0385-180X", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "ISSN"}]}, "item_9_version_type_16": {"attribute_name": "著者版フラグ", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_version_resource": "http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85", "subitem_version_type": "VoR"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "著者", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "八杉, 佳穂"}, {"creatorName": "ヤスギ, ヨシホ", "creatorNameLang": "ja-Kana"}, {"creatorName": "Yasugi, Yoshiho", "creatorNameLang": "en"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "61", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}, {"nameIdentifier": "1000020150063 ", "nameIdentifierScheme": "CiNii ID", "nameIdentifierURI": "http://ci.nii.ac.jp/nrid/1000020150063 "}, {"nameIdentifier": "20150063 ", "nameIdentifierScheme": "NRID", "nameIdentifierURI": " "}, {"nameIdentifier": "20150063 ", "nameIdentifierScheme": "e-Rad", "nameIdentifierURI": "https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/search/?qm=20150063 "}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "ファイル情報", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2015-11-19"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "KH_014_3_001.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "6.5 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 6500000.0, "url": {"label": "KH_014_3_001.pdf", "url": "https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4305/files/KH_014_3_001.pdf"}, "version_id": "c7e3c96a-1bc1-4948-afb6-19d6acdc51bf"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "言語", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "jpn"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "資源タイプ", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "departmental bulletin paper", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_title": "中米諸語の数体系", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "タイトル", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "中米諸語の数体系"}, {"subitem_title": "Numeral Systems of Middle American Indian Languages", "subitem_title_language": "en"}]}, "item_type_id": "9", "owner": "17", "path": ["448"], "permalink_uri": "https://doi.org/10.15021/00004297", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "公開日", "attribute_value": "2010-02-16"}, "publish_date": "2010-02-16", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "4305", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["中米諸語の数体系"], "weko_shared_id": -1}
中米諸語の数体系
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004297
https://doi.org/10.15021/00004297e2d40a2a-6019-4ff5-b8be-db1c09371d89
名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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KH_014_3_001.pdf (6.5 MB)
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Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||||
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公開日 | 2010-02-16 | |||||||||||
タイトル | ||||||||||||
タイトル | 中米諸語の数体系 | |||||||||||
タイトル | ||||||||||||
言語 | en | |||||||||||
タイトル | Numeral Systems of Middle American Indian Languages | |||||||||||
言語 | ||||||||||||
言語 | jpn | |||||||||||
資源タイプ | ||||||||||||
資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||||
資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||||
ID登録 | ||||||||||||
ID登録 | 10.15021/00004297 | |||||||||||
ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||||
著者 |
八杉, 佳穂
× 八杉, 佳穂
WEKO
61
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抄録 | ||||||||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||||
内容記述 | Numeral systems of Middle American Indian languages show an enormous variety of ways of forming number words. But fundamental methods of counting are quinary, decimal and vigesimal. There may, however, exist no language having a pure vigesimal system, which would require nineteen different numerals. So-called vigesimal systems generally have a decimal under twenty, and very few languages possess only one system throughout. Therefore, terms such as quinary and decimal should be used under twenty and that of vigesimal over twenty. That is, I discuss separately numeral systems below ten, from ten to twenty, and above twenty. In this paper I limit myself to an analysis of structural features, although I am interested in comparing each vocabulary. As a rule, numeral words are formed from combinations of D and U, such as D x U+D, U x D+D, D+D x U, D+U x D. In this expression, the symbols U and D denote the numerals corresponding to the unit- or base-word and the digit or minor numbers, respectively. For example, the number 33 is written as 3 x 10+3, of which 3 is D and 10 is U. Under 10, we have two systems, quinary and decimal. Quinary systems are observed in Southern Uto-Aztecan, Tarascan, Northern Otomanguean, Mixe-Zoquean, Sumu and Cabecar-Chiripo (Fig. 2). But subtraction occurs in the case of nine, and multiplicative or duplicative method in numbers 4 and 8 in northern part of Middle America. Mixe-Zoquean show a quinary system, but the formation from 7 to 9 seems irregular, except in Tlahuitoltepec and Classical Mixe. Misquito has also rare system based on 6, for the numbers from 6 to 9. From 10 to 20, additive constructions with a base of 10 are common, but both orders of D+U and U+D are attested. The former is seen in Mayan, and the latter in other languages. But Huastec, a Mayan language, has U+D order. This must have been obtained from neighboring languages, such as Totonacan or Otomian. The difference in formation of the number words 11 and 12 divides the Mayan into Lowlands and Highlands. Numeral systems of the Southern Otomanguean are purely decimal below 10, but follow the quinary method from 10 to 20 and counting by twenties from 20 to 100. But Northern Otomanguean possess some trace of the quinary method under 10. The Tlapanec number sequence from 11 through 19 follows the Southern Otomanguean pattern, although the genetically related language, Subtiaba shows decimal under 20. Therefore, the quinary system mixed with decimal in Tlapanec might have been borrowed from neighboring languages (Fig. 3). Thorough decimal systems are found in Seri, Northern Uto- Aztecan languages, and some Chibchan languages. Other languages show vigesimal systems, of which additive constructions with a preceeding unit (undercounting) are common, and additive constructions with a succeeding unit (overcounting) are confined to Lowland Mayan (including some Highland Mayan) and Yatzachi Zapotec (Fig. 4). Classical Zapotec uses a subtractive method for the five numbers below the next unit. From 20 up, Mayan languages show an interesting formation. Undercounting and overcounting are distinguished geographically (Fig. 6). Unit words for twenties, such as *k'a l, *winaq, *tah- or *may are used differently (Figs. 7-11). Although the vigesimal system is predominant throughout Middle America, the center is Mesoamerica and the system of the southern languages beyond Mesoamerica is different, that is, the coefficients follow the units (U x D). As shown above in the case of Huastec, borrowings are among the best witnesses to past contacts and relationships between or among various languages. Many languages have borrowed the word for 100 from Spanish, but conserve their own words in the coefficients, just like xun-sye:nta (1ˑ100) in Tzutujil. Even the word for 100 is formed from 5 x 20 in some languages, according to its system, and interval numbers between the hundreds are conserved (Fig. 12). That is, only a counting method by hundreds is borrowed. This indicates that only the formation principle can be borrowed, although borrowing is generally expected in lexical items. From 20 up, the modern Cakchiquel numeral sequence follows undercounting, whereas Classical Cakchiquel conserved an overcounting system. Many languages of highland Maya have a special word, mue' or mue for 80. This is utilized from 80 to 99 in Modern Cakchiquel, but Classical Cakchiquel used it for the numbers from 61 to 80, as indicated below; Modern Cakchiquel 60 os-k' al 61 os-k' al xun 80 xu-mue 90 xu-muc' laxux Classical Cakchiquel os-k' al xun ru-xu-muc' xu-mue This is another excellent example of borrowing of the principle of formation of words. In other words, only media, but not contents, are borrowed. That is, structural or formal borrowing does occur. The diversity and uniformity of the numeral systems are shown plainly in the accompanying maps. On the one hand, diversity is attributed to different methods, such as decimalvigesimal, quinary-vigesimal, decimal-quinary-vigesimal, and thorough decimal. On the other, similar counting methods extended beyond language boundaries are the result of borrowing, as mentioned above. |
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書誌情報 |
国立民族学博物館研究報告 en : Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology 巻 14, 号 3, p. 519-670, 発行日 1990-02-28 |
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収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||||||||
収録物識別子 | 0385-180X | |||||||||||
書誌レコードID | ||||||||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||||
収録物識別子 | AN00091943 | |||||||||||
著者版フラグ | ||||||||||||
出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||||
出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||||
出版者 | ||||||||||||
出版者 | 国立民族学博物館 | |||||||||||
出版者(英) | ||||||||||||
出版者 | National Museum of Ethnology |