本論文では,日本手話,台湾手話,韓国手話の「10」「100」「1000」に注目
し,二桁から四桁の数の表現における歴史的変化を明らかにする。これらの言
語の数の表現には継時的複合と同時的複合の二種類の構造がある。このふたつ
の構造に焦点をあて,記録にある古い表現と現在使われている表現の詳細およ
びその分布状況に基づき,分岐後の発達経緯を分析する。その結果,「10」と
「100」「1000」の表現,およびその倍数では,二桁の数と三・四桁の数で発達
の経緯が異なっていることがわかった。またその過程で,日本手話,台湾手
話,韓国手話において三桁および四桁の数では両手の表現から片手の表現に変
化したこと,大阪の手話では継時的複合から同時的複合の表現への入れ替えが
起こったこと,台南では,継時的複合の表現の一部が形態変化し複合語に変化
したことを明らかにする。
This study examines changes in two-, three- and four-digit number
expressions in Japanese Sign Language( JSL), Taiwan Sign Language( TSL)
and Korean Sign Language (KSL). Comparing the forms for “10”, “100”,
and “1000” and the structures in which such forms occur, the old forms that
they originally inherited and their developmental paths are reconstructed. The
research specifically focuses on two systems, which are referred to here as
“serial-compound system” and “simultaneous-compound system” that are
found in these languages. Based on the distribution and variations of these
systems in currently used languages and documented forms in older stages of
these languages, how the systems developed in each language after the languages
split is clarified. Findings indicate that expressions of “10” and its
multiples developed differently from those of “100” and “1000” and their
multiples. These include changes from two-handed to one-handed expressions
in Tokyo, Taipei, and Korea, replacement of a serial-compound system
with a simultaneous compound system in Osaka, and development of a single
morpheme expression from a serial-compounding form in Tainan.