復活祭をめぐる儀礼の過程の変形と意味 : メソ・アメリカの民俗的想像力との出合い

黒田 悦子

復活祭をめぐる儀礼の過程の変形と意味 : メソ・アメリカの民俗的想像力との出合い利用統計を見る

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JaLC DOI	info:doi/10.15021/00004539
タイトル(英)	The Transformations in the Ritual Process of Holy Week : an Encounter with Folk Imagination in Mesoamerica
アイテムタイプ	紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper
言語	日本語
著者	黒田悦子 / クロダエツコ
著者(英)	Etsuko Kuroda
抄録	This is an attempt to understand the ritual processes of Holy Week, by dividing them into phases and sub-phases, as well as to analyse a variety of transformations in the ritual processes wherein some processes are emphasized by particular societies until the implications that the processes try to convey deviate from the Passion Play, the original theme of the Holy Week rituals. This paper also attempts to locate my data on the Mixe Holy Week rituals in the broad perspectives of Mesoamerican ethnography. Most communities described in Mesoamerican ethnographies perform each phase of the Holy Week rituals (usually lacking the Carnival), without giving special emphasis to any particular phase. This is a type of the simple presentation of the Passion Play. The typical case is cited from the Mixe Holy Week performances which I observed in 1973 and 1974, in the highland Mixe villages of Oaxaca, Mexico. The second type is a variant of the first one. The simple presentation is elaborated and enriched with ritual elements such as characters and ritual performances in which the details of the Passion Play are re-enacted meticulously. Examples for this type are found in economically and culturally developed communities such as Yalalag, Mitla, Tzintzuntzan, Tome (New Mexico), Chichicastenango, and Chinautla. In this type, the penitente, the Carnival, and the dualism between Christ and Judas, are added to the "flat" presentation of the Passion Play, although none of the three elements is accentuated in the flow of the total ritual processes. This type suggests three possibilities of transforming the "flat" presentation of the Passion Play. The first type of transformation is possible by an emphasis on the penitente rituals, as reported from MichoacAn, and the hispanic communities in New Mexico, where the penitente brotherhoods formerly functioned as mutual help organization in their isolated rural circumstances. The second transformation is realized by emphasizing the Carnival rituals. Syntagmatically, this phase precedes to the rituals during the Holy Week per se, but paradigmatically the Carnival rituals are a dramatic highlighting of what is performed on the days between the Psalm Sunday and the Sunday of Resurrection. The cases cited are from the highland and lowland Maya communities, where indio-ladino tensions are reflected in the Carnival ritual performances bearing a Christ-anti-Christ theme. Urban cases of the Carnival, cited from Dominica, Andalusia and others, lack a Christian theme, and the Carnival is performed as the "ritual of reversals" [TURNER 1978] in which actual class relationships are ritually reversed. The third transformation is an emphasis on dualism. Cora, Mayo, and Yaqui ethnographies offer rich data on this transformation. Here, Christian images of the Holy Week performances are overshadowed by the dualistic orientation and images inherent in their native cultures. Thus, syntagmatically the so-called Holy Week rituals show a long series of phases and sub-phases, but paradigmatically the presentations of penitence and dualism are their main purpose. The two variations (types 1 and 2) and the three transformations described above reflect the social situations and symbolic structures inherent in the native societies, which functioned to incorporate the Holy Week rituals into their own ritual systems. The main purpose of this article is to describe and analyse these variations and transformations and to decipher the implications which they try to convey.
雑誌名	国立民族学博物館研究報告
雑誌名(英)	Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology
巻	4
号	4
ページ	666 - 708
発行年	1980-03-25
ISSN	0385-180X
書誌レコードID	AN00091943
著者版フラグ	publisher
出版者	国立民族学博物館
出版者（英）	National Museum of Ethnology

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復活祭をめぐる儀礼の過程の変形と意味 : メソ・アメリカの民俗的想像力との出合い利用統計を見る

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復活祭をめぐる儀礼の過程の変形と意味 : メソ・アメリカの民俗的想像力との出合い 利用統計を見る

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復活祭をめぐる儀礼の過程の変形と意味 : メソ・アメリカの民俗的想像力との出合い利用統計を見る