クマ祭に集まる人々 : 狩猟儀礼に表出するエヴェンキ族の社会構成原理について

佐々木 史郎

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国立民族学博物館研究報告

10巻2号

Permalink : http://doi.org/10.15021/00004406

クマ祭に集まる人々 : 狩猟儀礼に表出するエヴェンキ族の社会構成原理について利用統計を見る

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JaLC DOI	info:doi/10.15021/00004406
タイトル(英)	The People Gathering to the Bear Festival : The Social Principles of the Evenks Reflected in Hunting Rituals
アイテムタイプ	紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper
言語	日本語
著者	佐々木史郎 / ササキシロウ
著者(英)	Shiro Sasaki
抄録	The Evenk is the largest group of Tungus-Manchuspeaking peoples in Siberia. Their bear festival is the so called "mountain-bear festival", a series of rites based on a bear hunted in its den. This paper examines a social aspect of this festival in order to attempt to solve problems concerning their hunting-breeding organization which have not been dealt with by S. M. Shirokogoroff in his studies. The bear festival of the Evenks is usually held in autumn. It consists of a series of rites of bear hunting, skinning, meatcooking, feasting, and burial of the bear's bones. There is no qualification for participation, and anyone in a camp or a village, sometimes even forigners, can take part in the feast. Participants can be categorized as a discoverer of the bear den, nimak (he is often a wife's brother of the discoverer), hunters, elders, and others. But some rules must be observed by each participant, according to his role in the festival. They often represent rules or principles of hunting-breeding organization among the Evenks. By examining the rules of each category of participant, the following conclusions were reached : 1) Camps or villages of the Evenks are not formed on clan membership, but on a local or economic basis; 2) Therefore, hunting customs or rules, which regulate hunters-breeders' activities regardless of clan affiliation, are more important than clan rules in camps or villages; 3) The structural superiority of the wife-giver group over the wife-taker group sometimes appears as a hunting custom in daily and ritual activities; 4) The leadership in a camp or a village is in hands of elders; and 5) Reflecting these social phenomena, the bear festival of the Evenks is a camp or village festival, and is supposedly connected with locality. Based on that it is necessary to collect and organize huntingbreeding customs or rules in order to advance Shirokogoroff's studies and to make a more complete model of Evenk society.
雑誌名	国立民族学博物館研究報告
雑誌名(英)	Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology
巻	10
号	2
ページ	451 - 480
発行年	1985-10-22
ISSN	0385-180X
書誌レコードID	AN00091943
著者版フラグ	publisher
出版者	国立民族学博物館
出版者（英）	Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology

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