国家的過程のなかの民族文化 : インドネシア，トラジャにおける伝統的文化の現代的位相

山下 晋司

国家的過程のなかの民族文化 : インドネシア，トラジャにおける伝統的文化の現代的位相利用統計を見る

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JaLC DOI	info:doi/10.15021/00004329
タイトル(英)	Ethnic Culture in the Process of Nation Building : The Toraja Cultural Tradition in Contemporary Indonesia
アイテムタイプ	紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper
言語	日本語
著者	山下晋司 / ヤマシタシンジ
著者(英)	Shinji Yamashita
抄録	"Pembangunan" or "development" is a national slogan of contemporary Indonesia. Since 1968, President Suharto has pursued a successful development policy, and the rate of economic growth has accelerated remarkably. His political power has been strengthened by the integration of technocrats and government officials into his party, Golkar. In the cultural field, the building-up of "Indonesian national culture" has been the most urgent task, since Indonesia requires a distinct national culture in order to become a nation-state in the complete sense. In the general scheme of developmental change in the relations among economics, politics and culture, a drastic cultural restructuring has been underway in which diverse ethnic cultures are being integrated as parts of the now emerging national culture. Based on my own field-observation, in this paper I examine the case of the Toraja people of the South Sulawesi Highlands, and trace their development with special reference to tourism. In 1969, the Indonesian Government designated the Toraja area as one of ten regions for intensive promotion of international tourism. The Government expected to obtain hard currencies to support the First Five-Year Development Programme. Throughout the 1970s tourism developed successfully, to the extent that the Toraja area became referred to as a second Bali. It is noteworthy that the peculiar feature of tourism in the Toraja area was an emphasis on "traditional rituals." The Toraja's "ancient , animistic" religious performances are now placed at the center-stage of the nationally authorized scheme of development. "Tradition" and "development" or "the ethnic" and "the national" have not been opposed , but rather have been in dialog. This paper is in three parts. First, the background of Toraja tourist development is analyzed. It must be understood that Toraja tourism is a political phenomenon in which the "commercialization" of local culture is underway. The response of Toraja intellectuals to this development is discussed in the second part. They have written about their own culture for the wider national (even international) community. Their writings exemplify the fruits of a conscious objectification of their own ethnic culture. Third, ethnographic accounts of re-conversion to traditional faith, traditional ritual performances by the Christian and local re-interpretation of folk beliefs are examined. They reveal the highly flexible capacity of the Toraja people and their culture in response to the new situation. In these processes, the Toraja cultural tradition is not only being reproduced but also, to quote Eric Hobsbawm, "invented." The analysis and examination of contemporary Toraja cultural dynamics also contributes to current anthropological theory with the proposition that micro-social studies should be integrated into a larger macro-social framework.
雑誌名	国立民族学博物館研究報告
雑誌名(英)	Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology
巻	13
号	1
ページ	1 - 35
発行年	1988-07-30
ISSN	0385-180X
書誌レコードID	AN00091943
著者版フラグ	publisher
出版者	国立民族学博物館
出版者（英）	National Museum of Ethnology

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国家的過程のなかの民族文化 : インドネシア，トラジャにおける伝統的文化の現代的位相利用統計を見る

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国家的過程のなかの民族文化 : インドネシア，トラジャにおける伝統的文化の現代的位相 利用統計を見る

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国家的過程のなかの民族文化 : インドネシア，トラジャにおける伝統的文化の現代的位相利用統計を見る