物質文化からの民族文化誌的再構成の試み : クリールアイヌを例として

小杉 康

物質文化からの民族文化誌的再構成の試み : クリールアイヌを例として利用統計を見る

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JaLC DOI	info:doi/10.15021/00004168
タイトル(英)	Ethnographic Reconstruction from the Material Culture of the Kuril Ainu
アイテムタイプ	紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper
言語	日本語
キーワード	クリール(千島)アイヌ, 鳥居龍蔵, 物質文化, 実測図, 再構成
キーワード(英)	the Kuril (Chishima) Ainu, Ryuzo Torii, material culture, scale drawing, reconstruction
著者	小杉康 / コスギヤスシ
著者(英)	Yasushi Kosugi
抄録	This essay examines the methodical and practical reconstruction of cultural ethnography from material culture, taking up, as an example for analysis, the Kuril Ainu and their material culture, which has no successors today. First, folk tools of the Kuril Ainu kept in Japan are compiled. The main part of the compiled materials were collected by Ryuzo Torii during his ethnological investigation in the Chishima (Kuril) Islands in 1899, and the rest include what government officials collected on their way to Northern Chishima before the Kuril Ainu were forced to emigrate to Shikotan Island in 1884. Torii's ethnological investigation was done in order to prove his own theory explaining the origin of the Japanese people, and the materials (folk tools of the Kuril Ainu) collected on this occasion were influenced by this motive. He also attempted to restore and record the unmodernized life-style of the Kuril Ainu, so only traditional tools were the objects of his collection. Considering this, on analyzing the folk tools of the Kuril Ainu compiled for this study, it is necessary to pay special attention to the nature of these materials and to amend this bias. The methods of analysis are as follows: calculation of the ratios of kinds of raw materials composing folk tools collected by Torii, those collected by other people, and archaeological materials of the Kuril Ainu; comparison of the ratios to discover the degree of bias inherent in the materials; compensation for the bias in compilation of the tools of the Kuril Ainu. Secondly, the tools compiled as above are classified according to their uses, characteristics of their form and manufacture are observed and recorded, and a scale drawing of representative examples of each tool is made (in the following studies dealing with individual materials, this scale drawing will be indispensable in order to introduce the typological analysis) . It becomes possible to propose a new outlook on facts for which records are lacking or insufficient in the existing ethnography. For example, (1) it can be reconfirmed that the Kuril Ainu adapted themselves to a marine environment, fishing and hunting for a certain long period, migrating from island to island; (2) while today the Hokkaido Ainu and the Kuril Ainu are recognized as having once belonged to the same cultural and ethnic group, they regarded each other as different: this is a tendency which can be traced back rather a long time in their history; (3) it is proved that iron and cotton products imported from Japan and Russia greatly influenced the traditional raw materials of everyday tools and the expression of sexual differences in their manufacture, and that at last they brought about a revolution in the whole system of folk tools; (4) in existing ethnography and historical documents, relations between the Kuril Ainu and the Sakhalin Ainu are rarely recorded, but this essay points out some direct contacts between them. Today, when many traditional cultures are being rapidly changed and destroyed, some leaving no successors, the importance of an attempt to reconstruct cultural ethnography from a study of material culture in everyday tools will increase.
雑誌名	国立民族学博物館研究報告
雑誌名(英)	Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology
巻	21
号	2
ページ	391 - 502
発行年	1997-01-14
ISSN	0385-180X
書誌レコードID	AN00091943
著者版フラグ	publisher
出版者	国立民族学博物館
出版者（英）	National Museum of Ethnology

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物質文化からの民族文化誌的再構成の試み : クリールアイヌを例として利用統計を見る

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物質文化からの民族文化誌的再構成の試み : クリールアイヌを例として 利用統計を見る

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物質文化からの民族文化誌的再構成の試み : クリールアイヌを例として利用統計を見る