エストニアのペッツェリ領土問題 : 分断されたセトゥ人をめぐって

庄司 博史

エストニアのペッツェリ領土問題 : 分断されたセトゥ人をめぐって利用統計を見る

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JaLC DOI	info:doi/10.15021/00004132
タイトル(英)	The Setos and Petseri Territory : Problems of a Split People by a Russo Estonian Territorial Dispute
アイテムタイプ	紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper
言語	日本語
キーワード	エストニア, セトゥ人, 国境, サブエスニック集団, 民族意識
キーワード(英)	Estonia, Seto, border, subethnic group, ethnic consciousness
著者	庄司博史 / ショウジヒロシ
著者(英)	Hiroshi Shoji
抄録	The recent dissolution of the Soviet Union has had manifold effects on the reorganization of nations and small ethnic groups, especially in border areas. In this article I examine problems that confront the Setos, a small Estonian subgroup in the southeastern border area of Estonia. After briefly reviewing the birth of the Estonian nation, I will describe the historical background of Petseri question, one of the Russo-Estonian territorial disputes. I will then highlight practical problems and conflicts that have arisen from the dispersion of the Seto community, following recent demarcation of the border. Disintegration of the Soviet Union was definitely put into full swing by the successful departure of the three Baltic republics. Estonia, according to its present formal stand, should recover the whole territory as of 1940, when it was annexed to the Soviet Union by military force threat. In fact, most part of Estonia's former Petseri region (Pechora in Russian) , in the Southeast, has remained under de facto Russian control. Until 1920, the Petseri region was part of the Russian Pskov Province (guberniya) , but it was ceded with its inhabitants to the newly born Estonian Republic by the Tartu Peace treaty, which recognized for the first time the independency of Estonia with clear borders. Almost two thirds of the approximately sixty thousand inhabitants of Petseri were, however, ethnic Russians, whereas three fourths of the remaining twenty thousand Estonians were orthodox Setos. Estonia, during its short history of independence, tried to integrate and 'civilise' the Setos, who had been denigrated for example for their distinct dialect and conservative living traditions. Later in 1945, after reintroduction of the Soviet regime, three quaters of Petseri were again restored to Russia's Pskov Province (now termed oblast) , thus dividing the Setos into two administratively different areas. Due to the very limited sovereign controle of borders between former Soviet republics, local residents could freely cross borders for daily needs in many areas. Setos on both sides were therefore able to keep close contacts with each other. For local communities, real problems have only emerged in the early 1990's with Estonia's splitting from the Soviet Union, and with its aspiration to recover the whole Petseri territory. Russia reacted to this in various ways, including unilateral demarcation of a border, that divides the Setos into two groups that are unable to maintain regular and daily contacts. The Setos launched efforts to preserve and activate Seto cultural traditions in the late 1980s, and they see the present border issue as extremely threatening to both daily life and to their cohesion as an ethnic group. The present paper examines the growth and vacillation of Seto ethnic consciousness in the face of conflicts between Russia and Estonia.
雑誌名	国立民族学博物館研究報告
雑誌名(英)	Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology
巻	22
号	4
ページ	765 - 801
発行年	1998-03-31
ISSN	0385-180X
書誌レコードID	AN00091943
著者版フラグ	publisher
出版者	国立民族学博物館
出版者（英）	National Museum of Ethnology

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エストニアのペッツェリ領土問題 : 分断されたセトゥ人をめぐって利用統計を見る

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エストニアのペッツェリ領土問題 : 分断されたセトゥ人をめぐって 利用統計を見る

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エストニアのペッツェリ領土問題 : 分断されたセトゥ人をめぐって利用統計を見る