The Practice of “Commuting to Distant Farms” and Ecological Resource Management in the Yaeyama Archipelago of the Ryukyu Arc : A Case Study Involving Traffic Between “High Island” and “Low Island” from its 19th Century Last Stage to the Beginning of the 20
アイテムタイプ
紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper
言語
日本語
キーワード
生態史｜隆起珊瑚礁島｜通耕｜水平統御｜八重山諸島
キーワード(英)
eco-history｜raised coral island｜commuting to distant farms｜horizontal control｜Yaeyama Archipelago
本稿は，琉球弧の最南端に位置する八重山諸島を舞台に，異なる生態系を構
成する「高い島」と「低い島」とを丸木舟で往来し，生活を組み立ててきた農
耕民による海上の往来を取り扱う。本稿は，この“遠距離通耕”という往来実
践を，資源をめぐる相互交渉の空間的広がりとその動態に注目する生態史の枠
組みの中で把握する。具体的には，土地台帳とそれに付随する地籍図を研究素
材とし，「低い島」の住民が「高い島」において何を所有していたのかを分析
し，「低い島」の頭職に就いていた宮良當整（1863 ～ 1945）の記した日誌や備
忘録，南島踏査を行った笹森儀助（1845 ～ 1915）の『南島探驗』（1894 年）な
どの民族誌的データを用いてモデリングする。
これらの史料の記述・分析を通して，「低い島」の住民は，自然環境及び利
用できる生態資源の偏在に対応するために，「高い島」において水稲耕作地だ
けではなく各種地目を共同で所有し利用してきたことを示し，通耕実践が環境
収容力の拡張を目的とする水平統御の資源利用戦略であることをあきらかにす
る。
Through a case study of the Yaeyama Archipelago located in the southernmost
part of the Ryukyu Arc, this paper discusses ocean traffic aboard
dugout canoes of the agricultural people who made a living by coming and
going between “highland” and “lowland,” each with its own indigenous ecology.
The aim is to analyze the practice of “commuting to distant farms” in an
ecological framework that focuses on spatial expansion and the dynamism of
negotiations over resources. Specifically, I analyze which lowland residents
owned land in the highlands by using cadasters and accompanying cadastral
maps as research materials, and give shape to the analysis by using the diary
and memorandum left by Tosei Miyara (1863–1945)—who was the governor
of the lowlands—as well as by using ethnographic data, for example from
the “Exploration of the Southern Islands” written in 1894 by Gisuke Sasamori
(1845–1915)—who traveled throughout those islands.
By studying the descriptions and analyzing the above historical materials,
I show that residents of the lowlands jointly owned and utilized land in
the highlands not only for rice-paddy cultivation but also for a wide variety of
other land uses in order to cope with the uneven distribution of natural environments
and available ecological resources. Furthermore, I clarify that commuting
to farms was a horizontal control of resource management strategy
aimed at expanding environmental capacity.
琉球弧・八重山諸島における通耕実践と生態資源利用 : 19 世紀末期から20 世紀初頭における「高い島」と「低い島」との往来をめぐる事例
KH_038_2_03.pdf
(6.13MB)
